August 2025 (definitive estimates):

• The unemployment rate stood at 5.9%, up by 0.1 percentage points (pp) from July 2025, but down by 0.2 pp from May 2025 and by 0.4 pp from August 2024.

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 10.1%, up from the previous month (0.2 pp), but down from three months earlier (0.3 pp) and from the same month of 2024 (0.6 pp).

September 2025 (provisional estimates):

• The unemployment rate stood at 6.0%, up from August and June 2025 (0.1 pp in both) and down from December 2024 (0.5 pp).

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 10.2%, up from the previous month and from three months before (0.1 pp in both) and down from the same month of 2024 (0.7 pp).

• In September 2025, the employed population (5,286.7 thousand) has reached its highest value since February 1998.